Cymothoini

Niklas Wahlberg

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Updated 2020-06-02. Based on

• Williams, M. C. 2018: Afrotropical Butterflies 17th Edition.
• van Velzen, R., Wahlberg, N., Sosef, M. S. M. & Bakker, F. T. 2013: Effects of changing climate and host plant association on species diversification rates in Cymothoe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) tropical forest butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 108: 546-564. doi:10.1111/bij.12012
• Dhungel, B. & Wahlberg, N. 2018: Molecular systematics of the subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). PeerJ 6: e4311. doi:10.7717/peerj.4311
• Markku Savela's pages
• Wahlberg, N., Marešová, J., Murillo-Ramos, L., Collins, S. & Wu, L.-W. 2020: The phylogenetic positions of Bhagadatta Moore, 1898, Kumothales Overlaet, 1940 and Harmilla Aurivillius, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) based on molecular data. Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 167-171. doi:10.3897/nl.43.50307

TRIB Cymothoini Dhungel & Wahlberg, 2018

GENU Cymothoe Hübner, 1819

GSYN Pallene Doubleday 1848
GSYN Amphidema Felder 1861
GSYN Paradiadema Distant 1880

SPEC Cymothoe haimodia (Grose-Smith, 1887)
SPEC Cymothoe coccinata (Hewitson, 1874)

SUBS Cymothoe coccinata coccinata (Hewitson, 1874)
SUBS Cymothoe coccinata vrydaghi Overlaet, 1944

SSYN Cymothoe coccinata bergeri Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe radialis Gaede, 1916
SPEC Cymothoe meridionalis Overlaet, 1944

SUBS Cymothoe meridionalis meridionalis Overlaet, 1944
SUBS Cymothoe meridionalis ghesquierei Overlaet, 1944

SPEC Cymothoe reginaeelisabethae Holland, 1920

SUBS Cymothoe reginaeelisabethae reginaeelisabethae Holland, 1920

SSYN Cymothoe dropsyi Overlaet, 1944

SUBS Cymothoe reginaeelisabethae belgarum Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe distincta Overlaet, 1944

SUBS Cymothoe distincta distincta Overlaet, 1944

SSYN Cymothoe excelsior trolliae Overlaet, 1944
SSYN Cymothoe aramoides Overlaet, 1944

SUBS Cymothoe distincta kivuensis Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe anitorgis (Hewitson, 1874)
SPEC Cymothoe excelsa Neustetter, 1912

SUBS Cymothoe excelsa excelsa Neustetter, 1912
SUBS Cymothoe excelsa regisleopoldi Overlaet, 1944

SSYN Cymothoe excelsa fontinalis Overlaet, 1952

SUBS Cymothoe excelsa deltoides Overlaet, 1944

SPEC Cymothoe arcuata Overlaet, 1945
SPEC Cymothoe crocea Schultze, 1917
SPEC Cymothoe preussi Staudinger, 1889
SPEC Cymothoe aramis (Hewitson, 1865)

SUBS Cymothoe aramis aramis (Hewitson, 1865)
SUBS Cymothoe aramis schoutedeni Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe mabillei Overlaet, 1944

SSYN Cymothoe aralus Mabille, 1890

SPEC Cymothoe hartigi Belcastro, 1990

SUBS Cymothoe hartigi hartigi Belcastro, 1990
SUBS Cymothoe hartigi vanessae Warren-Gash, 2003

SPEC Cymothoe cyclades (Ward, 1871)

SSYN Cymothoe bonnyi Grose-Smith, 1890

SPEC Cymothoe sassiana Schouteden, 1912

SUBS Cymothoe sassiana sassiana Schouteden, 1912
SUBS Cymothoe sassiana intermedia Neustetter, 1912

SPEC Cymothoe ochreata Grose-Smith, 1890

SSYN Cymothoe cycladina Grünberg, 1908
SSYN Cymothoe vicina Hulstaert, 1926

SPEC Cymothoe aubergeri Plantrou, 1977
SPEC Cymothoe adela Staudinger, 1890

SSYN Cymothoe marginata Crowley, 1890

SPEC Cymothoe collarti Overlaet, 1942

SUBS Cymothoe collarti collarti Overlaet, 1942
SUBS Cymothoe collarti werneri Beaurain, 1984

SPEC Cymothoe fontainei Overlaet, 1952

SUBS Cymothoe fontainei fontainei Overlaet, 1952
SUBS Cymothoe fontainei debauchei Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe lucasii (Doumet, 1859)

SUBS Cymothoe lucasii lucasii (Doumet, 1859)
SUBS Cymothoe lucasii binotorum Darge, 1985
SUBS Cymothoe lucasii cloetensi Seeldrayers, 1896
SUBS Cymothoe lucasii minigorum Darge, 1985

SPEC Cymothoe haynae Dewitz, 1887

SUBS Cymothoe haynae haynae Dewitz, 1887

SSYN Cymothoe haynae umbrosa Overlaet, 1942

SUBS Cymothoe haynae vosiana Overlaet, 1942
SUBS Cymothoe haynae diphyia Karsch, 1894
SUBS Cymothoe haynae superba Aurivillius, 1899
SUBS Cymothoe haynae fumosa Staudinger, 1896

SPEC Cymothoe fumana (Westwood, 1850)

SUBS Cymothoe fumana fumana (Westwood, 1850)

SSYN Cymothoe fumana eburnea Neustetter, 1916

SUBS Cymothoe fumana balluca Fox & Howarth, 1968
SUBS Cymothoe fumana villiersi Fox, 1968

SPEC Cymothoe heliada (Hewitson, 1874)

SUBS Cymothoe heliada heliada (Hewitson, 1874)
SUBS Cymothoe heliada liberatorum Overlaet, 1952
SUBS Cymothoe heliada mutshindji Overlaet, 1940

SSYN Cymothoe heliada seydeli Overlaet, 1945

SUBS Cymothoe heliada monforti Oremans, 2008

SPEC Cymothoe colmanti Aurivillius, 1898
SPEC Cymothoe hypatha (Hewitson, 1866)

SUBS Cymothoe hypatha hypatha (Hewitson, 1866)

SSYN Cymothoe alexander Suffert, 1904

SUBS Cymothoe hypatha okomu Hecq & Larsen, 1997

SPEC Cymothoe lurida (Butler, 1871)

SUBS Cymothoe lurida lurida (Butler, 1871)
SUBS Cymothoe lurida hesione Weymer, 1907

SSYN Cymothoe congoensis Suffert, 1904

SUBS Cymothoe lurida azumai Carcasson, 1964
SUBS Cymothoe lurida butleri Grünberg, 1908
SUBS Cymothoe lurida centralis Overlaet, 1952
SUBS Cymothoe lurida sublurida Fruhstorfer, 1903
SUBS Cymothoe lurida tristis Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe hesiodina Schultze, 1908
SPEC Cymothoe hesiodotus Staudinger, 1890

SUBS Cymothoe hesiodotus hesiodotus Staudinger, 1890
SUBS Cymothoe hesiodotus nigeriensis Overlaet, 1952
SUBS Cymothoe hesiodotus clarior Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe egesta (Cramer, 1775)

ORIG Papilio egesta Cramer, 1775

SPEC Cymothoe confusa Aurivillius, 1887
SPEC Cymothoe orphnina Karsch, 1894

SUBS Cymothoe orphnina orphnina Karsch, 1894

SSYN Cymothoe infuscata Joicey & Talbot, 1928

SUBS Cymothoe orphnina suavis Schultze, 1913

SPEC Cymothoe hobarti Butler, 1900

SUBS Cymothoe hobarti hobarti Butler, 1900
SUBS Cymothoe hobarti mwamikazi Overlaet, 1952
SUBS Cymothoe hobarti candidata Overlaet, 1954
SUBS Cymothoe hobarti lactanganyikae Collins, 1990

SPEC Cymothoe sangaris (Godart, 1824)

SUBS Cymothoe sangaris sangaris (Godart, 1824)

SSYN Harma uselda Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Cymothoe sangaris luluana Overlaet, 1945

SPEC Cymothoe euthalioides Kirby, 1889

SUBS Cymothoe euthalioides euthalioides Kirby, 1889
SUBS Cymothoe euthalioides albomarginata Neustetter, 1921

SPEC Cymothoe magnus Joicey & Talbot, 1928
SPEC Cymothoe ogova (Plötz, 1880)

SSYN Cymothoe serpentina Kirby, 1889
SSYN Cymothoe rebeli Neustetter, 1912

SPEC Cymothoe harmilla (Hewitson, 1874)

SUBS Cymothoe harmilla harmilla (Hewitson, 1874)
SUBS Cymothoe harmilla kraepelini Schultze, 1912
SUBS Cymothoe harmilla micans Bouyer & Joly, 1995

SPEC Cymothoe beckeri (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1858)

SUBS Cymothoe beckeri beckeri (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1858)

SSYN Harma theodota Hewitson, 1874
SSYN Cymothoe theocranta Karsch, 1894

SUBS Cymothoe beckeri theodosia Staudinger, 1890

SSYN Harma marmorata Sharpe, 1904

SPEC Cymothoe hyarbita (Hewitson, 1886)

SUBS Cymothoe hyarbita hyarbita (Hewitson, 1886)

SSYN Paradiadema hora Distant, 1880
SSYN Aterica buchholzi Plötz, 1880
SSYN Cymothoe electrinos Birket-Smith, 1960

SUBS Cymothoe hyarbita hyarbitina Aurivillius, 1897

SPEC Cymothoe angulifascia Aurivillius, 1897

SSYN Cymothoe kassaiensis Schmidt, 1921

SPEC Cymothoe altisidora (Hewitson, 1869)

SSYN Cymothoe lucretia Neustetter, 1916

SPEC Cymothoe owassae Schultze, 1916
SPEC Cymothoe reinholdi (Plötz, 1880)

SUBS Cymothoe reinholdi reinholdi (Plötz, 1880)

SSYN Cymothoe theodora Staudinger, 1890

SUBS Cymothoe reinholdi vitalis Rebel, 1914

SPEC Cymothoe oemilius (Doumet, 1859)

SUBS Cymothoe oemilius oemilius (Doumet, 1859)

SSYN Harma hemeresia Hewitson, 1864
SSYN Harma frederica Distant, 1880

SUBS Cymothoe oemilius fernandina Hall, 1929

SPEC Cymothoe jodutta (Westwood, 1850)

SUBS Cymothoe jodutta jodutta (Westwood, 1850)

SSYN Cymothoe aralus Mabille, 1890

SUBS Cymothoe jodutta ciceronis (Ward, 1871)

SSYN Harma cyriades Ward, 1871
SSYN Cymothoe seneca Kirby, 1889

SUBS Cymothoe jodutta ehmecki Dewitz, 1887
SUBS Cymothoe jodutta mostinckxi Overlaet, 1952
SPEC Cymothoe vumbui Bethune-Baker, 1926
SPEC Cymothoe alcimeda (Godart, 1824)

ORIG Nymphalis alcimeda Godart, 1824

SUBS Cymothoe alcimeda alcimeda (Godart, 1824)

SSYN Harma eupithes Doubleday, 1848

SUBS Cymothoe alcimeda trimeni Aurivillius, 1912
SUBS Cymothoe alcimeda clarki Stevenson, 1940
SUBS Cymothoe alcimeda rhodesiae Stevenson, 1934
SUBS Cymothoe alcimeda marieps Rydon, 1994
SUBS Cymothoe alcimeda transvaalica Rydon, 1994

SPEC Cymothoe collinsi Rydon, 1980
SPEC Cymothoe zombana Bethune-Baker, 1926
SPEC Cymothoe amaniensis Rydon, 1980
SPEC Cymothoe melanjae Bethune-Baker, 1926
SPEC Cymothoe teita van Someren, 1939
SPEC Cymothoe magambae Rydon, 1980

SUBS Cymothoe magambae magambae Rydon, 1980
SUBS Cymothoe magambae pareensis Rydon, 1996

SPEC Cymothoe aurivillii Staudinger, 1899

SUBS Cymothoe aurivillii aurivillii Staudinger, 1899
SUBS Cymothoe aurivillii tenuifasciae Rydon, 1996
SUBS Cymothoe aurivillii nguru Rydon, 1996
SUBS Cymothoe aurivillii latifasciata Rydon, 1996
SUBS Cymothoe aurivillii handeni Rydon, 1996

SPEC Cymothoe cottrelli Rydon, 1980

SUBS Cymothoe cottrelli cottrelli Rydon, 1980
SUBS Cymothoe cottrelli livingstonensis Darge, 2006
SUBS Cymothoe cottrelli njombe Rydon, 1996

SPEC Cymothoe baylissi van Velzen, Collins, Brattström & Congdon, 2016

SUBS Cymothoe baylissi baylissi van Velzen, Collins, Brattström & Congdon, 2016
SUBS Cymothoe baylissi monicae van Velzen, Collins, Brattström & Congdon, 2016
SUBS Cymothoe baylissi poppyana van Velzen, Collins, Brattström & Congdon, 2016

SPEC Cymothoe weymeri Suffert, 1904

SUBS Cymothoe weymeri weymeri Suffert, 1904
SUBS Cymothoe weymeri mulatta Belcastro, 1990

SPEC Cymothoe herminia (Grose-Smith, 1887)

SUBS Cymothoe herminia herminia (Grose-Smith, 1887)

SSYN Cymothoe sultani Bryk, 1915
SSYN Cymothoe siegfriedi Bryk, 1915

SUBS Cymothoe herminia gongoa Fox, 1965
SUBS Cymothoe herminia johnstoni (Butler, 1902)

SSYN Cymothoe overlaeti Overlaet, 1942

SUBS Cymothoe herminia katshokwe Overlaet

SPEC Cymothoe coranus Grose-Smith, 1889

SUBS Cymothoe coranus coranus Grose-Smith, 1889
SUBS Cymothoe coranus dowsetti Beaurain, 1988
SUBS Cymothoe coranus kiellandi Beaurain, 1988
SUBS Cymothoe coranus murphyi Beaurain, 1988

SPEC Cymothoe indamora (Hewitson, 1866)

SUBS Cymothoe indamora indamora (Hewitson, 1866)

SSYN Cymothoe hewitsoni Staudinger, 1890

SUBS Cymothoe indamora amorinda van Someren, 1939
SUBS Cymothoe indamora canui Beaurain, 1985

SPEC Cymothoe caenis (Drury, 1773)

SSYN Harma adelina Hewitson, 1869
SSYN Harma corsandra Druce, 1874

SPEC Cymothoe bouyeri Vande weghe, 2011
SPEC Cymothoe isiro Rydon, 1981
SPEC Cymothoe caprina Aurivillius, 1897

SUBS Cymothoe caprina caprina Aurivillius, 1897
SUBS Cymothoe caprina claireae Oremans, 2008

SPEC Cymothoe amenides (Hewitson, 1874)
SPEC Cymothoe alticola Libert & Collins, 1997
SPEC Cymothoe howarthi Rydon, 1981
SPEC Cymothoe druryi van Velzen & Larsen, 2009
SPEC Cymothoe consanguis Aurivillius, 1896
SPEC Cymothoe althea (Cramer, 1776)

SUBS Cymothoe althea althea (Cramer, 1776)

SSYN Papilio amphicede Cramer, 1777

SUBS Cymothoe althea bobi Collins & Larsen, 2000

SPEC Cymothoe capella (Ward, 1871)
SPEC Cymothoe eris Aurivillius, 1896

SUBS Cymothoe eris eris Aurivillius, 1896
SUBS Cymothoe eris capellides Holland, 1920
SUBS Cymothoe eris sankuruana Overlaet, 1952

SPEC Cymothoe zenkeri Richelmann, 1913

SSYN Cymothoe stetteni Bryk, 1915
SSYN Cymothoe langi Holland, 1920

SPEC Cymothoe lambertoni Oberthür, 1923
SPEC Cymothoe dujardini Viette, 1971
SPEC Cymothoe megaesta Staudinger, 1890

GENU Harma Doubleday, 1848

SPEC Harma theobene Doubleday, 1848

SSYN Cymothoe theobene (Doubleday, 1848)

SUBS Harma theobene theobene Doubleday, 1848
SUBS Harma theobene blassi (Weymer, 1892)

SSYN Cymothoe theobene nebetheo Suffert, 1904

SUBS Harma theobene superna (Fox, 1968)

GENU Bhagadatta (Moore, 1898)

SPEC Bhagadatta austenia (Moore, 1872)

ORIG Lebadea austenia Moore, 1872
SSYN Limenitis austenia (Moore, 1872)

GENU Kumothales Overlaet, 1940

SPEC Kumothales inexpectata Overlaet, 1940

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