Brassolini

Niklas Wahlberg

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Updated 2018-01-16. Based on

• Penz, C. M., Casagrande, M. M., DeVries, P. & Simonsen, T. J. 2017: Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 4258 (3): 201-237
• The Butterflies of America
• Matos-Maraví, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P. J., Antonelli, A. & Penz, C. 2021: Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: Insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 704-724. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab034

TRIB Brassolini

GENU Bia Hübner, [1819]

GSYN Napho Doubleday

SPEC Bia actorion (Linnaeus, 1763)

SUBS Bia actorion actorion (Linnaeus, 1763)

SSYN Bia actoriaena Hübner, 1819

SUBS Bia actorion ecuatoria DeVries & Penz, 2017
SUBS Bia actorion occulta Casagrande & Penz, 2017

SPEC Bia decaerulea Weymer, 1911

SUBS Bia decaerulea decaerulea Weymer, 1911
SUBS Bia decaerulea cayana Simonsen & Penz, 2017
SUBS Bia decaerulea pallida Casagrande & Penz, 2017

SPEC Bia rebeli Bryk, 1953

SUBS Bia rebeli rebeli Bryk, 1953
SUBS Bia rebeli aegina Penz & Simonsen, 2017
SUBS Bia rebeli acreana Casagrande & Penz, 2017
SUBS Bia rebeli arikeme Penz & Casagrande, 2017
SUBS Bia rebeli pareci Penz & DeVries, 2017
SUBS Bia rebeli cuprea Penz & Casagrande, 2017
SUBS Bia rebeli tapajos Penz & Simonsen, 2017

SPEC Bia caelestis Penz & DeVries, 2017
SPEC Bia pucallpa Casagrande & Penz, 2017
SPEC Bia peruana Röber, 1904

SSYN Bia actorion atalanta Rebel, 1906

GENU Blepolenis Röber, 1906

SPEC Blepolenis bassus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867)
SPEC Blepolenis batea (Hübner, [1821])

SUBS Blepolenis batea batea (Hübner, [1821])
SUBS Blepolenis batea didymaon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867)
SUBS Blepolenis batea praegrandis (Fruhstorfer, 1907)

SPEC Blepolenis catharinae (Stichel, 1902)

GENU Brassolis Fabricius, 1807

SPEC Brassolis astyra Godart, [1824]

SUBS Brassolis astyra astyra Godart, [1824]
SUBS Brassolis astyra philocala Stichel, 1904

SPEC Brassolis haenschi Stichel, 1902

SUBS Brassolis haenschi haenschi Stichel, 1902
SUBS Brassolis haenschi maritimus Stichel, 1903
SUBS Brassolis haenschi rufescens Rothschild, 1916

SPEC Brassolis isthmia H. Bates, 1864
SPEC Brassolis granadensis Stichel, 1902

SUBS Brassolis granadensis granadensis Stichel, 1902
SUBS Brassolis granadensis boliviana Rothschild, 1916

SPEC Brassolis sophorae (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUBS Brassolis sophorae sophorae (Linnaeus, 1758)
SUBS Brassolis sophorae ardens Stichel, 1903
SUBS Brassolis sophorae dinizi R.F. d'Almeida, 1956
SUBS Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925
SUBS Brassolis sophorae luridus Stichel, 1902
SUBS Brassolis sophorae philomela Stichel, 1925
SUBS Brassolis sophorae vulpeculus Stichel, 1902

GENU Caligo Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Caligo arisbe Hübner, [1822]

SUBS Caligo arisbe arisbe Hübner, [1822]
SUBS Caligo arisbe fulgens Rothschild, 1916

SPEC Caligo atreus (Kollar, 1850)

SUBS Caligo atreus atreus (Kollar, 1850)
SUBS Caligo atreus agesilaus H. Druce, 1902
SUBS Caligo atreus ajax (E. Doubleday, [1849])
SUBS Caligo atreus dentina H. Druce, 1874
SUBS Caligo atreus dionysos Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Caligo bellerophon Stichel, 1903
SPEC Caligo beltrao (Illiger, 1801)
SPEC Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862)

SUBS Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862)
SUBS Caligo brasiliensis caesius Stichel, 1903
SUBS Caligo brasiliensis galba (Deyrolle, 1874)
SUBS Caligo brasiliensis minor Kaye, 1904
SUBS Caligo brasiliensis morpheus Stichel, 1903
SUBS Caligo brasiliensis sulanus Fruhstorfer, 1904

SPEC Caligo euphorbus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)

SUBS Caligo euphorbus euphorbus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)
SUBS Caligo euphorbus menoetius Staudinger, 1887

SPEC Caligo eurilochus (Cramer, 1775)

SUBS Caligo eurilochus eurilochus (Cramer, 1775)
SUBS Caligo eurilochus delectans Joicey & Kaye, 1917
SUBS Caligo eurilochus livius Staudinger, [1886]
SUBS Caligo eurilochus mattogrossensis Ribeiro, 1931
SUBS Caligo eurilochus pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Caligo idomeneus (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUBS Caligo idomeneus idomeneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
SUBS Caligo idomeneus ariphron Fruhstorfer, 1910
SUBS Caligo idomeneus idomenides Fruhstorfer, 1903
SUBS Caligo idomeneus rhoetus Staudinger, [1886]

SPEC Caligo illioneus (Cramer, 1775)

SUBS Caligo illioneus illioneus (Cramer, 1775)
SUBS Caligo illioneus oberon A. Butler, 1870
SUBS Caligo illioneus pampeiro Fruhstorfer, 1904
SUBS Caligo illioneus pheidriades Fruhstorfer, 1912
SUBS Caligo illioneus praxsiodus Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Caligo martia (Godart, [1824])
SPEC Caligo oberthurii (Deyrolle, 1872)

SUBS Caligo oberthurii oberthurii (Deyrolle, 1872)
SUBS Caligo oberthurii phokilides Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Caligo oedipus Stichel, 1903

SUBS Caligo oedipus oedipus Stichel, 1903
SUBS Caligo oedipus fruhstorferi Stichel, 1904

SPEC Caligo oileus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861

SUBS Caligo oileus oileus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861
SUBS Caligo oileus scamander (Boisduval, 1870)
SUBS Caligo oileus umbratilis Stichel, 1903

SPEC Caligo placidianus Staudinger, 1887
SPEC Caligo prometheus (Kollar, 1850)

SUBS Caligo prometheus prometheus (Kollar, 1850)
SUBS Caligo prometheus atlas Röber, 1904

SPEC Caligo superbus Staudinger, 1887

SUBS Caligo superbus superbus Staudinger, 1887
SUBS Caligo superbus agamemnon Weymer, 1890

SPEC Caligo suzanna (Deyrolle, 1872)
SPEC Caligo telamonius (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)

SUBS Caligo telamonius telamonius (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)
SUBS Caligo telamonius memnon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867)
SUBS Caligo telamonius menus Fruhstorfer, 1903
SUBS Caligo telamonius modestus Niepelt, 1934

SPEC Caligo teucer (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUBS Caligo teucer teucer (Linnaeus, 1758)
SUBS Caligo teucer ecuadora Joicey & Kaye, 1917
SUBS Caligo teucer insulanus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Caligo teucer japetus Stichel, 1903
SUBS Caligo teucer nubilus Fruhstorfer, 1907
SUBS Caligo teucer obidonus Fruhstorfer, 1904
SUBS Caligo teucer phorkys Fruhstorfer, 1912
SUBS Caligo teucer semicaerulea Joicey & Kaye, 1917

SPEC Caligo uranus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
SPEC Caligo zeuxippus H. Druce, 1902

SUBS Caligo zeuxippus zeuxippus H. Druce, 1902
SUBS Caligo zeuxippus obscurus Niepelt, 1934

GENU Caligopsis Seydel, 1924

SPEC Caligopsis seleucida (Hewitson, 1877)

SUBS Caligopsis seleucida seleucida (Hewitson, 1877)
SUBS Caligopsis seleucida juruana (Fruhstorfer, 1912)

GENU Catoblepia Stichel, 1901

SPEC Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825])
SPEC Catoblepia berecynthia (Cramer, 1777)

SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia berecynthia (Cramer, 1777)
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia adjecta Stichel, 1906
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia berecynthina (Hopffer, 1874)
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia halli Bristow, 1981
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia luxuriosus Stichel, 1902
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia meridaensis Bristow, 1981
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia midas Stichel, 1908
SUBS Catoblepia berecynthia unditaenia Fruhstorfer, 1907

SPEC Catoblepia generosa Stichel, 1902
SPEC Catoblepia soranus (Westwood, 1851)
SPEC Catoblepia versitincta Stichel, 1901

SUBS Catoblepia versitincta versitincta Stichel, 1901
SUBS Catoblepia versitincta mossi Bristow, 1981

SPEC Catoblepia xanthicles (Godman & Salvin, 1881)

SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles xanthicles (Godman & Salvin, 1881)
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles belisar Stichel, 1904
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles cyparissa Fruhstorfer, 1907
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles mercedensis Bristow, 1981
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles occidentalis Bristow, 1981
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles orientalis Bristow, 1981
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles paraensis Bristow, 1981
SUBS Catoblepia xanthicles sosigenes (Fruhstorfer, 1913)

SPEC Catoblepia xanthus (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUBS Catoblepia xanthus xanthus (Linnaeus, 1758)
SUBS Catoblepia xanthus rivalis Niepelt, 1911

GENU Dasyophthalma Westwood, 1851

SPEC Dasyophthalma creusa (Hübner, [1821])

SUBS Dasyophthalma creusa creusa (Hübner, [1821])
SUBS Dasyophthalma creusa baronesa Stichel, 1904

SPEC Dasyophthalma geraensis Rebel, 1922
SPEC Dasyophthalma rusina (Godart, [1824])

SUBS Dasyophthalma rusina rusina (Godart, [1824])
SUBS Dasyophthalma rusina delanira Hewitson, 1862
SUBS Dasyophthalma rusina principesa Stichel, 1904

SPEC Dasyophthalma vertebralis A. Butler, 1869

GENU Dynastor E. Doubleday, [1849]

SPEC Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775)

SUBS Dynastor darius darius (Fabricius, 1775)
SUBS Dynastor darius anaxarete (Cramer, 1776)
SUBS Dynastor darius faenius Fruhstorfer, 1912
SUBS Dynastor darius ictericus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Dynastor darius stygianus A. Butler, 1872

SPEC Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851)

SUBS Dynastor macrosiris macrosiris (Westwood, 1851)
SUBS Dynastor macrosiris hannibal Oberthür, 1881
SUBS Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces Stichel, 1908
SUBS Dynastor macrosiris strix (H. Bates, 1864)

SPEC Dynastor napoleon E. Doubleday, [1849]

GENU Eryphanis Boisduval, 1870

SPEC Eryphanis aesacus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850)
SPEC Eryphanis bubocula (A. Butler, 1872)
SPEC Eryphanis automedon (Cramer, 1775)

SUBS Eryphanis automedon automedon (Cramer, 1775)
SUBS Eryphanis automedon amphimedon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867)
SUBS Eryphanis automedon cheiremon Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Eryphanis lycomedon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)
SPEC Eryphanis gerhardi (Weeks, 1902)
SPEC Eryphanis reevesii (E. Doubleday, [1849])

SUBS Eryphanis reevesii reevesii (E. Doubleday, [1849])
SUBS Eryphanis reevesii pusillus Stichel, 1904

SPEC Eryphanis zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877)

SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877)
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora isabelae Neild & De Sousa, 2014
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora reyi Bristow, Neild, De Sousa & Huertas, 2014
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora opimus Staudinger, 1887
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande Bristow, 2014
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya Blandin, 2014
SUBS Eryphanis zolvizora inca Blandin, 2014

GENU Mielkella Casagrande, 1982

SPEC Mielkella singularis (Weymer, 1907)

GENU Opoptera Aurivillius, 1882

SPEC Opoptera staudingeri (Godman & Salvin, 1894)

SUBS Opoptera staudingeri staudingeri (Godman & Salvin, 1894)
SUBS Opoptera staudingeri mexicana J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1989

SPEC Opoptera aorsa (Godart, [1824])

SUBS Opoptera aorsa aorsa (Godart, [1824])
SUBS Opoptera aorsa colombiana (Rothschild, 1916)
SUBS Opoptera aorsa fuscata Stichel, 1908
SUBS Opoptera aorsa hilaris Stichel, 1901

SPEC Opoptera arsippe (Hopffer, 1874)

SUBS Opoptera arsippe arsippe (Hopffer, 1874)
SUBS Opoptera arsippe bracteolata Stichel, 1901

SPEC Opoptera fruhstorferi (Röber, 1896)
SPEC Opoptera sulcius (Staudinger, 1887)
SPEC Opoptera syme (Hübner, [1821])

GENU Opsiphanes E. Doubleday, [1849]

SPEC Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875

SUBS Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875
SUBS Opsiphanes bogotanus alajuela Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007
SPEC Opsiphanes boisduvallii E. Doubleday, [1849]
SPEC Opsiphanes camena Staudinger, [1886]
SPEC Opsiphanes cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758)
SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae castaneus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae crameri C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862
SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae kleisthenes Fruhstorfer, 1912
SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae mexicana Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae rubigatus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes cassiae strophios Fruhstorfer, 1907

SPEC Opsiphanes cassina C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862

SUBS Opsiphanes cassina cassina C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina barkeri Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina caliensis Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina fabricii (Boisduval, 1870)
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina merianae Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina milesi Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina notanda Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes cassina numatius Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Opsiphanes invirae (Hübner, [1808])

SUBS Opsiphanes invirae invirae (Hübner, [1808])
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae aequatorialis Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae agasthenes Fruhstorfer, 1907
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae amplificatus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae camposi Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae cuspidatus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae intermedius Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae pseudophilon Fruhstorfer, 1907
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae remoliatus Fruhstorfer, 1907
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae roraimaensis Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae sieberti Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes invirae sticheli Röber, 1906

SPEC Opsiphanes jacobsorum I. Chacón & Montero, 2012
SPEC Opsiphanes mutatus Stichel, 1902

SUBS Opsiphanes mutatus mutatus Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes mutatus farrago Stichel, 1903
SUBS Opsiphanes mutatus parodizi Bristow, 1991

SPEC Opsiphanes quiteria (Stoll, 1780)

SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria quiteria (Stoll, 1780)
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria angostura Bristow, 1979
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria badius Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria bolivianus Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria cardenasi Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria cauca Röber, 1906
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria erebus Röber, 1927
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria meridionalis Staudinger, 1887
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria phylas Fruhstorfer, 1912
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria quaestor Stichel, 1902
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria quirinalis Staudinger, 1887
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria quirinus Godman & Salvin, 1881
SUBS Opsiphanes quiteria talamancensis Bristow, 1991

SPEC Opsiphanes sallei E. Doubleday, [1849]

SUBS Opsiphanes sallei sallei E. Doubleday, [1849]
SUBS Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes sallei kennerleyi Bristow, 1991
SUBS Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912

SPEC Opsiphanes tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861

SUBS Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861
SUBS Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis Stichel, 1904
SUBS Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916
SUBS Opsiphanes tamarindi xiphos Fruhstorfer, 1907

SPEC Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873

SUBS Opsiphanes zelotes zelotes Hewitson, 1873
SUBS Opsiphanes zelotes zelus Stichel, 1908

GENU Orobrassolis Casagrande, 1982

SPEC Orobrassolis ornamentalis (Stichel, 1906)

GENU Penetes E. Doubleday, [1849]

SPEC Penetes pamphanis E. Doubleday, [1849]

GENU Selenophanes Staudinger, 1887

SPEC Selenophanes cassiope (Cramer, 1775)

SUBS Selenophanes cassiope cassiope (Cramer, 1775)
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope amplior Stichel, 1902
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope andromeda Stichel, 1901
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope cassiopeia (Staudinger, [1886])
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope guarany Casagrande, 1992
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope haraposa Bristow, 1982
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope mapiriensis Bristow, 1982
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope perenensis Bristow, 1982
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope placentia (Fruhstorfer, 1912)
SUBS Selenophanes cassiope theognis Fruhstorfer, 1910

SPEC Selenophanes josephus (Godman & Salvin, 1881)

SUBS Selenophanes josephus josephus (Godman & Salvin, 1881)
SUBS Selenophanes josephus excisus (Rothschild, 1916)
SUBS Selenophanes josephus excultus Stichel, 1902

SPEC Selenophanes supremus Stichel, 1901

SUBS Selenophanes supremus supremus Stichel, 1901
SUBS Selenophanes supremus ditatus Thieme, 1902

SPEC Selenophanes orgetorix (Hewitson, 1870)

SUBS Selenophanes orgetorix orgetorix (Hewitson, 1870)
SUBS Selenophanes orgetorix championi (Bristow, 1981)
SUBS Selenophanes orgetorix magnalis (Stichel, 1902)
SUBS Selenophanes orgetorix rothschildi (Casagrande & Lamas, 2004)

GENU Narope E. Doubleday, [1849]

GSYN Aponarope Casagrande, 1982

SPEC Narope albopunctum Stichel, 1904
SPEC Narope anartes Hewitson, 1874
SPEC Narope cauca Casagrande, 2002
SPEC Narope cyllabarus Westwood, 1851
SPEC Narope cyllarus Westwood, 1851
SPEC Narope cyllastros E. Doubleday, [1849]
SPEC Narope cyllene C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859
SPEC Narope denticulatus Talbot, 1928
SPEC Narope guilhermei Casagrande, 1989
SPEC Narope marmorata Schaus, 1902
SPEC Narope minor Casagrande, 2002
SPEC Narope nesope Hewitson, 1869
SPEC Narope obidos Casagrande, 2002
SPEC Narope panniculus Stichel, 1904
SPEC Narope sutor (Stichel, 1916)
SPEC Narope syllabus Staudinger, 1887

SUBS Narope syllabus syllabus Staudinger, 1887
SUBS Narope syllabus stygius Staudinger, 1887

SPEC Narope testacea Godman & Salvin, 1878
SPEC Narope ybyra Casagrande, 2002

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