The nymphaline clade
The nymphaline clade consists of five major lineages corresponding to the tribes Pseudergolini and Cyrestini, and the subfamilies Biblidinae, Apaturinae and Nymphalinae. The placement of Apaturinae in this clade is somewhat surprising, as the morphology of the larvae suggest that the subfamily is more related to the satyrines. However, molecular data are placing Apaturinae firmly within the nymphaline clade. The relationships of the five major lineages are not clear at the moment, and require further work.